Careers Working with Animals: What’s Out There?

A Wildlife Scientist studies wildlife populations, behaviors, and ecosystems to develop conservation strategies and promote biodiversity. They conduct research, monitor environmental changes, and collaborate with government agencies, conservation organizations, and private landowners to manage wildlife resources. 

Careers span agencies like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Texas Parks and Wildlife, and The Nature Conservancy, as well as private game ranches and research institutions. A bachelor’s degree in wildlife science or ecology is required, with advanced degrees enhancing career opportunities. Through STEM-based innovations and ecological management, Wildlife Scientists play a vital role in protecting and sustaining the natural world.

Most animal behaviorists teach or research at colleges and universities, primarily in biology, zoology, or psychology departments, with fewer in fields like anthropology, sociology, or veterinary science. A Ph.D. is typically required, though some junior colleges accept a master’s degree. Research can be done in laboratory or field settings. 

Jobs are mainly within broader academic departments, and teaching often includes related disciplines like animal behavior, physiology, comparative psychology, and ecology. Ph.D. graduates with broad training in behavioral or biological sciences are more competitive.

A Laboratory Animal Scientist ensures the ethical care, management, and study of animals used in research to advance biomedical, veterinary, and environmental sciences. They design and oversee research protocols, monitor animal health and welfare, and ensure compliance with regulations such as those set by the USDA and AAALAC. Working in academic, pharmaceutical, government, or private research institutions, they collaborate with veterinarians, researchers, and technicians to improve animal models and scientific outcomes. 

A degree in animal science, biology, or a related field is required, with advanced degrees and certifications (e.g., CMAR, ACLAM) enhancing career prospects. Laboratory Animal Scientists play a key role in refining research practices, ensuring humane treatment, and contributing to medical and scientific advancements.

A growing number of animal behaviorists are applying behavioral knowledge to animal production, management, conservation, and care. Most work as researchers in universities, government facilities, or academic departments like animal science and wildlife, focusing on livestock production, wildlife management, or pest control. They typically hold a Ph.D. in animal behavior or a related field.

Others specialize in treating behavioral issues in pets and domestic animals, working in veterinary schools, hospitals, or private consulting. They may have a Ph.D. in animal behavior or a D.V.M. with additional behavioral training.

A Wildlife/Zoo Veterinarian provides medical care for wild and exotic animals in zoos, wildlife reserves, rehabilitation centers, and conservation programs. They diagnose and treat injuries and diseases, perform surgeries, conduct health assessments, and develop preventive care plans. Responsibilities include managing nutrition, overseeing breeding programs, and ensuring the welfare of captive and rehabilitated animals. They collaborate with zookeepers, researchers, and conservationists to promote animal health and biodiversity. 

Careers are found in zoos, wildlife sanctuaries, government agencies, and research institutions. A Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree with specialized training in exotic or wildlife medicine is required, often with certification from organizations like the American College of Zoological Medicine. Wildlife/Zoo Veterinarians play a critical role in preserving species and advancing conservation efforts worldwide.

Very few animal behaviorists work in government laboratories or in private businesses and industries; most of these jobs involve research in health-related areas. For example, drug companies or government laboratories may hire behaviorists to conduct research on the behavioral effects of new drugs or chemicals. Other laboratories may hire behaviorists to examine the links between behavior and disease states, such as heart disease. 

For such jobs, breadth of training will be essential. Training in the biological sciences relevant to health, such as physiology, biochemistry, or pharmacology, will be particularly helpful.